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  • THP a legal system based on common law over one based on civil law.

    Infoslide

    Common law systems are legal systems based primarily on judicial precedent and past court rulings, whereas civil law systems are based predominantly on the application of much more comprehensive written codes and statutes that systematically outline laws.

    Laurier (Waterloo) Fall High School Tournament 2025 · Quarterfinals · 2025-10-11

  • This house would allow citizens to sue politicians for policies that cause unnecessary and reasonably foreseeable harm

    Infoslide

    "A government policy that causes "unnecessary and reasonably foreseeable" harm can be defined as follows: "Unnecessary harm" means harms that are not essential to achieving the policy’s core objective, and which could have been avoided through reasonable alternative designs or implementations. For example, if building a highway requires demolishing a home, that demolition is a necessary harm. However, if the chosen route displaces more homes than reasonably required, the excess displacement constitutes unnecessary harm. "Reasonably foreseeable" harm means harms that, at the time the policy is enacted, could be predicted with a material likelihood of occurring based on the information then available. This excludes remote, speculative, or trivial risks."

    Oxford Schools Debating Championship Australia New Zealand Round 2025 · Round 2 · 2025-10-11

  • THW renationalize Air Canada

    Infoslide

    Until 1989, Air Canada was a crown corporation. It was fully privatized that year, and is a publicly traded company today, with a market cap of around $5.4 billion. If Air Canada were to be renationalized, it would return to its previous status as a crown corporation, and become a government-run corporation.

    Laurier (Waterloo) Fall High School Tournament 2025 · Round 5 · 2025-10-11

  • This house supports the use of COMPAS

    Infoslide

    COMPAS(Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions) is a computer program that helps judges make decisions, like whether someone should go to jail, get bail, or be closely watched. It uses a set of questions to look at things like a person’s age, past crimes, and social background. Then, it gives a score showing how likely it is that the person might commit another crime. This score is used as an important tool to help judges make their decisions.

    HYDS x SDS BP RT 2025 · Round 1 · 2025-10-11

  • Within Netherlands, This house would mandate political parties to be internally fully democratic (including allowing open access to become member)

    Infoslide

    For the purpose of this debate, political parties are all organisations who take part in elections. Fully democratic parties are ones in which most if not all decisions about policy, campagining, positions in the party, etc. are voted on directly by party members. Party members can call for a referendum at any time if an (internal) threshold is met. Parties that are not fully democratic have many decssions made by selected bodies such as commissions or party elites. The includes parties who do not allow any (new) members, such as the PVV .

    Dutch Debating League 2025 · Round 3 · 2025-10-11

  • THO the increasing reliance of groups fighting for social causes on litigation finance firms.

    Infoslide

    A litigation financing firm is a third-party financier providing funding to a claimant in order to contest their disputes before a judicial forum. In exchange for funding, such firms lay claim to a share of the proceeds of the case.

    MPSC Nationals 2025 · Novice Semifinals · 2025-10-09

  • THO the increasing reliance of groups fighting for social causes on litigation finance firms.

    Infoslide

    <span style="color: rgb(8, 8, 9); font-family: &quot;Segoe UI Historic&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space-collapse: preserve; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">A litigation financing firm is a third-party financier providing funding to a claimant in order to contest their disputes before a judicial forum. In exchange for funding, such firms lay claim to a share of the proceeds of the case.</span>

    MPSC Nationals 2025 · Semifinals · 2025-10-09

  • This house believes that, following Gen Z–led revolutions akin to a South Asian Spring, protesting youth should not appoint heads of government, rather than consensus pro-revolution political parties.

    MPSC Nationals 2025 · Grand Final · 2025-10-09

  • This House prefers the legislative review model to the judicial supremacy model in liberal democracies.

    Infoslide

    Constitutional review is the set of legal mechanisms used to verify whether laws, normative acts, or decisions of public authorities comply with a country's Constitution. There are two institutional models widely adopted by liberal democracies: (i) In the legislative override model, parliament can, through a formal process typically requiring a qualified majority such as two-thirds of votes, declare that a certain law will remain valid even after having been deemed unconstitutional by a court. This decision must be renewed periodically or is suspended. An example of this model is Canada, which adopts this approach through the so-called "notwithstanding clause" (Section 33 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms). (ii) In the judicial supremacy model, decisions issued by constitutional courts, especially supreme courts, are final in constitutional matters. The Legislature can respond politically, such as by approving constitutional amendments or altering ordinary laws, but does not possess formal mechanisms to directly nullify these decisions. This model is characteristic of the United States, where only a new decision by the Supreme Court can modify an interpretation previously established by the Court.

    Campeonato Nacional de Debates Escolares 2025 · Grand Final · 2025-10-08

  • This House regrets the recent rise of private credit.

    Infoslide

    Private credit refers to loans granted by non-banking institutions (e.g., private equity firms, investment banks, insurance companies, and asset managers), generally to small and medium-sized enterprises. Since 2020, this market has grown rapidly, becoming a competitive alternative to syndicated loans from traditional banks. It is estimated that the global private credit market is around US$ 2 trillion.

    Campeonato Nacional de Debates Escolares 2025 · Octofinals · 2025-10-08

  • This House regrets the 'PJ-ization' of labor relations. Note: "Pejotização" (PJ-ization) is a Brazilian term referring to the practice where employers require workers to establish themselves as legal entities (PJ - Pessoa Jurídica or legal person/company) instead of hiring them as regular employees. This practice often allows employers to avoid labor obligations and benefits that would be required for formal employment relationships.

    Campeonato Nacional de Debates Escolares 2025 · Round 3 · 2025-10-08

  • This house, as a transgender individual in Iran, would cooperate with the government’s legal pathway for transition

    Infoslide

    In Iran, both trans men and trans women can obtain legal recognition only through a state-controlled and deeply invasive process that mandates psychiatric evaluation, court approval, and gender-affirming surgery—often involving sterilization. While the government may subsidize some of these procedures and recognized individuals receive updated documents and face less police harassment, the system reflects a long-standing institutional approach that treats trans identity within a medicalized and corrective framework.

    Kamalig Pre-NDC 2025 · Round 2 · 2025-10-04

  • This house believes that government shutdowns have done more harm than good

    Infoslide

    A government shutdown occurs when Congress fails to pass, or the President refuses to sign, funding legislation for federal agencies. Without this authorization, many government operations stop: essential services like the military and air traffic control continue, but non-essential services such as national parks and many federal offices are suspended.

    Kamalig Pre-NDC 2025 · Novice Semifinals · 2025-10-04

  • This house would revoke property tax exemptions for religions that exhibit strong political activities

    Infoslide

    Strong political activities may include but not limited to: (1) bloc voting, (2) transportation of members to polling place en masse, (3) owning TV/Radio networks that is used to promote for a certain politician, (4) using tithes and donations to fund a campaign, and (5) issuing slates.

    Kontra-Korap Cup · High School Quarterfinals · 2025-10-01