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  • In post-conflict African societies, THR the prioritisation of forgiveness over punishment in the pursuit of nation-building

    Infoslide

    The Gacaca Courts were a community-based justice system established in Rwanda after the 1994 genocide, aimed at addressing the massive backlog of genocide- related cases that overwhelmed the formal courts. The goal was to find the truth, help communities heal, and, to a lesser extent, punish the guilty. Like South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), Gacaca Courts focused on justice, healing, and rebuilding after violence.

    SACEE League Championships 2025 - Junior Division · Round 5 · 2025-06-14

  • This house believes that it’s in the interest of Ethiopia to sign the water agreement

    Infoslide

    The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a massive hydroelectric project funded by China and constructed in Ethiopia on the Blue Nile. The dam has the ability to reduce downstream water flow which is responsible for 25% of water availability in Egypt and Sudan, which have raised serious concerns about the dam’s operations. Ethiopia maintains that the dam working at its full capacity is essential for its national development and electricity generation. Despite ongoing negotiations the three countries have failed to reach a binding agreement on water release protocols, particularly during periods of severe drought.

    Rotterdam Pre-EUDC · Round 5 · 2025-06-07

  • This house believes that dominion theology has done more harm than good for the African continent

    Infoslide

    Dominion theology asserts the belief that God has given Christians the right to rule over the Earth. The theology places an emphasis on the need for Christians to take leadership positions in all facets of societal life such as politics, economics, education, etc. Dominion theologists believe that Christians should use their political influence to shape the world according to God’s will as expressed in the Bible.

    Santiago Ortega Cup II · Open Quarterfinals · 2025-06-07

  • This house regrets the Arab Spring

    Infoslide

    The Arab Spring refers to a wave of popular protests, revolts, and armed conflicts that erupted across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the early 2010s. Originating in Tunisia in December 2010, the movement quickly expanded to neighboring countries, propelled by widespread frustration over authoritarian governments, economic struggles, and the denial of political rights

    Xavier Cup 12 · Pre-Octofinals · 2025-05-25

  • This house supports regional-led solutions over international intervention in the Horn of Africa.

    Infoslide

    The Horn of Africa, a region in East Africa comprising Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti, holds significant geopolitical importance due to its location near the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Despite its rich cultural heritage, the region has recently faced a series of severe challenges such as armed conflict that have led to widespread instability and humanitarian crises. Moreover, economic hardship, driven by conflict, poor infrastructure, and global shocks, continues to plague the region, while large-scale migration and displacement remain persistent issues as people flee both violence and climate-related disasters.

    49th Mindanao Parliamentary Debate Championship · College Quarterfinals · 2025-04-26

  • This house opposes the consolidation of the islamist insurgency in the Sahel under Al Qaeda

    Infoslide

    Since 2018, various islamist insurgence movements in the Sahel (eg. Macina Liberation Front in Mali, Al-Mourabitoun in Algeria, Burkina Faso, and Niger) have consolidated into larger organizations (e.g. Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal- Muslimin (JNIM), Al Qeada in the Mahgreb (AQIM)) often under the umbrella of Al Qaeda. In 2022, JNIM was the fastest growing terror group on the planet.'

    Ottawa Round Robin 2025 · Round 5A · 2025-04-26

  • This House Supports the unification of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso into a single state

    Infoslide

    The Alliance of Sahel States ("AES") is a confederation formed between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, which originated as a mutual defense pact created following the 2023 Nigerien crisis, in which the West African political bloc ECOWAS threatened to intervene militarily to restore civilian rule after a coup in Niger earlier that year. All three member states have since seceded from ECOWAS and are currently under the control of juntas following a string of successful coups. The AES was established on 6 July 2024, with the stated goals to pool resources to build energy and communications infrastructure, establish a common market, implement a monetary union under proposed currency, allow free movement of persons, and enable industrialization and investment, with the end goal of federalizing into a single sovereign state. The AES has already implemented common passports and a common custom duty, and is currently developing a joint military and counter terrorism force, central bank, and parliament.

    Imperial Online Open 2025 · Semifinals · 2025-04-19

  • That we believe safari tourism should be significantly restricted in Serengeti National Park

    Infoslide

    The Serengeti National park in Tanzania is widely considered the world’s premier safari destination. It is home to the world’s largest wildlife migration of 2 million animals and welcomes over 350,000 tourists yearly, making it Africa’s most visited wildlife sanctuary.

    UNSW Pre-Easters 2025 · Round 2 · 2025-04-15

  • This House Prefers a World where ECOWAS follows the doctrine of effective control.

    Infoslide

    For the purposes of this debate, when there is a dispute over the leadership of a state, there are two approaches that other states can take to decide who they may militarily intervene at the request and in favour of. (1) Under the doctrine of **effective control** , the relevant leadership of a state (who other states may militarily intervene at the request and in favour of) is who _de facto_ controls the territory of the state, even if they were not democratically elected (e.g. a military coup). Most countries and international organisations follow the doctrine of effective control. (2) In contrast, under the doctrine of **democratic legitimacy** , the relevant leadership of a state is who was democratically elected by the people of that state, even if they are in exile and/or control no territory. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) follows the doctrine of democratic legitimacy. Accordingly, ECOWAS has militarily intervened against military coups in favour of democratically elected governments in member states on many occasions (e.g. Liberia in 1990, Sierra Leone in 1997, and The Gambia in 2016).

    Glasgow Ancients 2025 · Round 3 · 2025-04-11

  • This house believes that East African national governments should prioritize investments in agriculture (e.g., irrigation, R&D, and inputs like fertilizer) over accelerating industrialization (e.g., building infrastructure, export promotion).

    HWS Round Robin 2025 · Round 5-B · 2025-04-05

  • This house, as Moses, would accept the dream as a divine calling and abandon his princely life in Egypt.

    Infoslide

    Ancient Egypt was one of the most powerful civilizations in the world, where Israelites (a growing minority population) were seen as an internal threat and subjected to enslavement, used as labourers to build Egypt’s monumental cities and temples. The Pharaoh, fearing their increasing numbers, ordered the death of all newborn Hebrew boys. To save her son, Moses’ mother placed him in a basket along the Nile. As fate would have it, he was found, adopted and raised by the Pharaoh’s daughter, the princess who was also sympathetic to the plight of the Israelis. Raised as an Egyptian prince, Moses grew up with unparalelled access to education, power, and privilege, indistinguishable from the ruling elite. Moses' own mother was his wetnurse, and he grew up in knowledge of his Hebrew heritage. Moses then experiences a dream (commonly considered to be divine calling) which calls upon him to save the Israelites. Moses then would have to abandon his princely life in Egypt for an Exodus leading the Israelites in a journey through the desert with limited resources, instability and uncertainty - in search of the Promised Land.

    77th MUKMEM 2025 · Grand Final · 2025-04-05

  • This house opposes the ‘Leave it to God’ philosophy

    Infoslide

    Leave it to God in Ghana is a narrative whereby in situations that seem hopeless or difficult to handle, Ghanaians turn to whichever religious deity they believe in and wait on the deity to fix the problem instead of attempting to solve the problem or taking action

    77th MUKMEM 2025 · Round 4 · 2025-04-05

  • This house believes that East African national governments should prioritize investments in agriculture (e.g., irrigation, R&D, and inputs like fertilizer) over accelerating industrialization (e.g., building infrastructure, export promotion).

    HWS Round Robin 2025 · Round 5-A · 2025-04-05