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  • This house would prohibit nations from militarising disputed cultural or religious sites.

    Infoslide

    Militarisation involves deploying troops, establishing bases, or using military infrastructure in contested locations. Cultural or religious sites are sometimes fortified, escalating disputes. For instance, Cambodia and Thailand stationed forces at the Preah Vihear Temple, a disputed heritage site, sparking tensions that developed into armed clashes.

    Swinburne Sarawak Inter-School Debating Championship 2025 (Senior) · Quarterfinals · 2025-08-18

  • This house opposes the adoption of the disruptive approach by social movements

    Infoslide

    For the purpose of this debate, disruptive protests are used by social movements to create significant disruptions to everyday life to draw attention to an issue, while non-disruptive protests prioritize peaceful assembly and expression without causing major societal interruptions.

    Orgullo Intervarsity 2025 · Round 1 · 2025-08-16

  • This House Would pardon violent separatist groups for their crimes in exchange for their peaceful surrender

    Infoslide

    Violent separatist groups use armed resistance to seek independence or autonomy from a state. Governments may offer pardons in exchange for their surrender to end conflict, restore stability, and reintegrate militants into society. This strategy prioritizes peace over punishment, aiming to prevent further violence and facilitate long-term reconciliation.

    Tuesday Academy Debate Open · Semifinals · 2025-08-16

  • This house supports the "Bad Man" approach in policy making

    Infoslide

    <div><font color="#000138" face="gg sans, Noto Sans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">The term "bad man" in legal theory refers to a hypothetical individual who is solely concerned with the practical consequences of legal rules, particularly the potential for punishment, rather than with moral or ethical considerations. This "bad man" is interested in predicting how the law will be applied to their actions, focusing on the material consequences like fines or imprisonment, rather than on whether those actions are morally right or wrong.&nbsp;</font></div><div><br></div>

    Orgullo Intervarsity 2025 · Novice Finals · 2025-08-16

  • This house would criminalize the use of religious conversion as a precondition to marriage

    Infoslide

    In certain religions, a religious conversion has to happen in order for a couple to get married (e.g., a non-Muslim man cannot marry a Muslim woman without converting to Islam)

    Orgullo Intervarsity 2025 · Round 2 · 2025-08-16

  • This House would legalise paper abortions in countries where abortions are legal

    Infoslide

    A "paper abortion" is a proposed legal concept whereby a man can formally renounce all parental rights and responsibilities, including financial obligations such as child support, before the birth of a child. For purposes of this debate, paper abortions must be signed within the period of time when abortion is legal.

    BRAC Genders 2025 · Round 2 · 2025-08-15

  • This house supports sanctuary states in the US.

    Infoslide

    Sanctuary states are jurisdictions that prioritize the safety and well-being of residents by limiting cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Sanctuary policies include but are not limited to restricting the ability of local police to make arrests for federal immigration violations, preventing the construction of immigration detention centers, and information sharing on undocumented communities with federal authorities. California, Colorado, Illinois and New York are examples of sanctuary states.

    St Andrews pre-EUDC 2025 · Quarterfinals · 2025-08-13

  • This house supports sanctuary states in the US.

    Infoslide

    Sanctuary states are jurisdictions that prioritize the safety and well-being of residents by limiting cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Sanctuary policies include but are not limited to restricting the ability of local police to make arrests for federal immigration violations, preventing the construction of immigration detention centers, and information sharing on undocumented communities with federal authorities. California, Colorado, Illinois and New York are examples of sanctuary states.

    St Andrews pre-EUDC 2025 · ESL Semifinals · 2025-08-13

  • This house prefers a world where Bush pursued military strikes against Iran

    Infoslide

    The year is 2007. Amid growing concerns over Iran’s nuclear program, the Bush administration faces pressure from Israel to take military action against Iranian nuclear sites. Two main options are considered: launching a full-scale military strike or pursuing a covert cyber operation. Ultimately, President George W. Bush rejects a military invasion and approves the development of Stuxnet, a joint U.S.-Israeli cyberattack that is meant to target Iran’s Natanz nuclear facility and delay its enrichment capabilities.

    St Andrews pre-EUDC 2025 · Grand Final · 2025-08-13

  • This house supports the absence of stare decisis as a governing principle in international legal adjudication (International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, etc.)

    Infoslide

    Stare decisis is the principle that courts follow previous rulings to ensure consistency. Common in domestic systems like the US, UK, Philippines, etc., it means past decisions guide future ones. However, in international law, stare decisis is absent—international courts are not strictly bound by precedent and may depart from past rulings.

    Visayas Intervarsity 2025 · Semifinals · 2025-08-09

  • This house supports prioritizing ontological gender plurality (e.g. Judith Butler, Paul Preciado) over identity-based legal recognition frameworks.

    Infoslide

    Ontological gender plurality (as argued by Judith Butler, Paul Preciado, etc.) views gender as fluid, performative, and not fixed. It challenges the idea that gender should be categorized or institutionalized at all. Identity-based legal recognition frameworks aim to include more gender identities (e.g., non- binary, X markers) within existing legal systems by expanding official categories.

    Visayas Intervarsity 2025 · Round 1 · 2025-08-09

  • This House believes that the shift towards religious fundamentalism is in the interest of PAS.

    Infoslide

    PAS (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. Under their president Abdul Hadi Awang, PAS has shifted towards religious fundamentalism and ethnonationalism. This includes drafting legislations expanding Sharia jurisdiction over crimes, forced gender segregation, a blanket ban on theatres and cinemas in Kelantan and Terrenganu where they are the State Government.

    Guangdong Debate Challenge 2025 · Semifinals · 2025-08-09

  • This house believes that the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) should significantly tighten restrictions on derivatives trading (e.g. limiting the availability of derivatives, implementing position limits and price limits, increasing the minimum trading amount)

    Infoslide

    A derivative is a financial instrument whose value derives from an underlying asset such as a stock. Examples of derivatives include options, futures and swaps.

    PKU Pro-Am 2025 · Semifinals · 2025-08-09

  • The parliament does not support live streaming of criminal trials.

    Infoslide

    Recently, trial proceedings have begun at the International Criminal Tribunal against Sheikh Hasina and other leaders of the League for the July genocide, and for the first time in Bangladesh's history, this trial is being broadcast live on BTV.

    BUFTDC National IC 2025 · Quarterfinals · 2025-08-05